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Nanday parakeet
The nanday parakeet (''Aratinga nenday'') also known as the black-hooded parakeet or nanday conure is a medium-small mostly green Neotropical parrot. The bird is native to South America from southeast Bolivia to southwest Brazil, central Paraguay and northern Argentina, from the region known as the Pantanal. Caged birds have been released in some areas and the birds have established self-sustaining populations in Los Angeles, California, San Antonio, Texas, and several areas of Florida (including St. Petersburg, Manatee County, Broward County, and Miami-Dade County). Another self-sustaining population has existed for several decades in Israel, near the city of Pardes Hanna-Karkur.
==Taxonomy==
The nanday parakeet was a member of the monotypic genus ''Nandayus'' Bonaparte, 1854 one of the approximately 16 genera of Neotropical parrots of tribe Arini which includes the conures and macaws. However, phylogenetic evidence showed that it is positioned in one of the four groups in the genus ''Aratinga''. When the genus ''Aratinga'' was revised and split in four separate genera, this species was included in the current genus ''Aratinga''.〔DNA-sequence data require revision of the parrot genus Aratinga (Aves: Psittacidae) J.V. Remsen, Jr., Erin E. Schirtzinger, Anna Ferraroni, Luís Fábio Silveira & Timothy F. Wright〕 This revision was based on earlier studies. According to a mtDNA-based phylogenetic analysis of the genus ''Aratinga'' by Ribas & Miyaki (2004), the nanday conure forms a monophyletic group with the sun conure (''A. solstitialis''), jenday conure (''A. jandaya''), and golden-capped conure (''A. auricapilla''). Tavares ''et al.'' (2005) in a mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analysis of 29 species representing 25 of 30 genera of Neotropical parrots found the nanday conure's closest relative to be ''Aratinga solstitialis'', the sun conure, and the time of divergence of the species to have been 0.5 to 1.3 mya.
Hybrids of the nanday and sun conures, nanday and jenday conures, and nanday and blue-crowned conures are known.
A prehistoric relative, ''Aratinga vorohuensis'', was described from Late Pliocene fossils found in Argentina.
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